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ÁR STAIR / OUR HISTORY



Stair Chumann Carad na Gaeilge





Réamhrá: Tá eagraíochtaí agus daoine iontacha le fáil atá díograiseach i réimsí eile chultúr na nGael, mar an rince agus an ceol. Tá sár-mheas againn orthu agus molaimid a n-obair ar son na healíon sin. I dtréimhsí eile ár staire, rinneamar iarracht a bheith gníomhach i ngnéithe éagsúlachta eile ár gcultúir seachas an Ghaeilge, gach aon rud do gach aon duine, go dtí nach raibh an Ghaeilge tábhachtach ar bith do chuid is mó ár mballraíochta. Sa chaoi sin, rinneamar dearmad ar ár gcuspóir. Theip ar ár n-eagraíocht. Bhíomar ar tí a bheith múchta go deo. Ach thosaigh Mícheál Ó Lócháin ár ngníomhaíochtaí i mBrúiclinn i 1872 chun athbheochan domhanda na Gaeilge a chur ar bun. Tugadh an tuiscint sin ó lámh go lámh ón aimsir sin anuas go dtí ár n-aimsir féin. Agus ó 2004, táimid ag oibriú arís d'athbheochan na Gaeilge mar an fáth amháin go bhfuil ár n-eagraíocht ann.


Tá breis le fáil faoi Mhícheál Ó Lócháin ag Ár mBunaitheoir, agus seo daoibh achoimre stair ár gCumainn:

1836 - "Is i gCurrach Doire, Baile an Mhuillinn, Contae na Gaillimhe, sa bhliain 1836 a rugadh Mícheál Ó Lócháin... De mhuintir Oisín (Hession) ó Gharraí Mór an tSléibhe i gContae Mhaigh Eo ab ea a mháthair agus dar leis, ní raibh aon Bhéarla aici." (Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL le Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Éire, 1990, Leathanaigh 11-13)

1836-1854 - "Rugadh an Lóchánach i 1836, agus bhí sé ag freastal ar scoil sa cheantar go dtí 1854." Freisin: "...Seans ... go ndeachaigh Ó Lócháin chuig ceann de scoileanna neamhspleácha Mhic Héil, mar sa bhliain 1890 luann sé conas mar a stiúrtaí foghlaim an Teagasc Críostaí (a scríobhadh le Mac Héil) le linn dó a bheith ar scoil...'It is the first Irish book we ever read...' " (Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL le Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Éire, 1990, Leathanaigh 11-13)

1870 - Deirtear go bhfuair Ó Lócháin a chéad phost i Meiriceá sa bhliain seo, mar mhúinteoir scoile. (Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL le Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Baile Átha Cliath, 1990, L. 14)

Earrach 1872 - D'fhoilsigh The Irish World (ceann desna nuachtáin Ghael-Mheiriceánacha i Nua Eabhrac) litreacha scríofa le Mícheál Ó Lócháin faoin ainm cleite 'Gael' ag tagairt "... the neglect to cultivate the National tongue ... suggesting the necessity of preserving the Irish language in order to preserve Irish nationality..." Mhol sé ranganna agus cumainn Ghaeilge a chur ar bun chun an fhadhb seo a réitiú. ("'An Gaodhal' i Meiriceá" le Breandán Ó Buachalla sa leabhar Go Meiriceá Siar, eagartha le Stíofán Ó hAnnracháin. Baile Átha Cliath, An Clóchomhar Teo., L. 38)

Fómhar 1872 - Tosaíonn Mícheál Ó Lócháin an chéad "Philo-Celtic Class" (.i. rang teagaisc na Gaeilge) do dhaoine fásta ag scoil Our Lady Of Victory, 583 Throop Avenue, Brooklyn, a raibh sé ina phríomhoide. (Foinse: Go Meiriceá Siar, eagartha le Stíofán Ó hAnnrachán, An Clóchomhar Teoranta, 1979, L. 38) Is í "grá na Gaeilge" an chiall do "Philo-Celtic." Tá sé seo roimh a bhí an Cumann ann go foirmiúil.

1873 - Ach spreagann sé seo eagrú an chéad "Philo-Celtic Society" go foirmiúil - Cumann Carad na Gaeilge Bhoston.

1874 - Eagraíonn Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus a chairde go foirmiúil an dara "Philo-Celtic Society" - Cumann Carad na Gaeilge Bhrúiclinn.

1878 - Cónaíonn cuid mhaith na mball Bhrúiclinn i Manhattan. Eagraíonn siad go foirmiúil an triú "Philo-Celtic Society" - Cumann Carad na Gaeilge Nua Eabhraic. Ag an am seo, níl Brooklyn sa chathair New York. Tagaimid anuas go díreach ó Chumann Carad na Gaeilge Nua Eabhraic, agus tagann Cumann Carad na Gaeilge Nua Eabhraic go díreach as Cumann Carad na Gaeilge Bhrúiclinn. (Foinse: Mícheál Ó Lócháin Agus An Gaodhal le Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teoranta, 1990, L. 65)

1873-1881 - Tagann a lán daoine isteach sna cumainn "Philo-Celtic" nach bhfuil suim acu sa teanga. Shíl Ó Lócháin go raibh a chuspóir léir i n-ainmneacha an Chumainn (.i. Cumann Carad na Gaeilge agus 'Philo-Celtic' nó 'grá na Gaeilge'), ach níor fhíor dó.

1881 - Tionscnaíonn Ó Lócháin "An Gaodhal" (iris dhátheangach mhíosúil an Chumainn) chun athbheochan na Gaeilge a chur ar aghaidh agus a shoiléiriú gur bhunaigh sé "Philo-Celtic" d'athbheochan na Gaeilge. Ach bhí an capall as an scioból cheana féin.

1878 - 1899 - fairsingiú 7 scaipeadh na gCumann "Philo-Celtic" ar fud Mheiriceá. Ainm eile donár ranganna ná "The Gaelic League". Mar a fheicimid in "An Gaodhal", leanann fadhbanna ag Ó Lócháin le daoine, craobhacha, agus cumainn "Philo-Celtic" a thugann mórlach a spéise do ghníomhaíochtaí sóisialta cultúrtha nach mbaineann leis an teanga.

1891 - cuairt Dhubhghlas de hÍde ar Chumann Carad na Gaeilge Nua Eabhraic agus ar ár ranganna

1893 - Bunaíonn Dubhghlas de hÍde Conradh na Gaeilge i nÉirinn ag baint áise as ár gCumann agus ár ranganna mar shamhail.

1899 - bás Uí Lócháin, 10 Eanáir 1899. Cuireadh é i Reilig Na Croise Naofa, Brúiclinn.

1904 - scor an chéad "An Gaodhal"

1904-1945 - meath 7 múchadh na gCumann "Philo-Celtic" ach i Nua Eabhrac

am éigin roimh 1945 - cumasc Bhrúiclinn 7 Mhanhattan i gCumann Carad Na Gaeilge Nua Eabhraic. (An ndeachaigh Brooklyn as gnó agus an ndeachaigh a bhaill go Nua Eabhrac?)

1940í - 1950í - Tá ár gcairde Séamus Ó Maoláin, Seosamh Ó hAileagáin, agus Stan Ó Faoláin (gach ceann acu ar ball ina bhall de Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín) gníomhach i "New York Philo-Celtic". Tá Gaeilge á múineadh fós ach caitheann gníomhaíochtaí eile am agus achmhainní an Chumainn.

1960í - 1970í - meath. Tá suim is mó ár mball i ngnéithe eile cultúrtha na hÉireann, ní sa teanga. Ní íocadh dleacht do Council Of Gaelic Societies (nó do Chonradh na Gaeilge?) ó 1976 (mo nótaí ó 9/22/93). Ach leanann baill áirithe (Stan Ó Faoláin, Seosamh Ó hAileagáin, agus Séamus Ó Maoláin, mar shamplaí) ag múineadh na Gaeilge in áiteanna éagsúla.

1982-1984 - Foilsíodh "An Gael" (iris ráithiúil as Sacsbhéarla de ghnáth) ag The Irish Arts Center i Manhattan

1988-1993. Leanann ár mbaill Stan Ó Faoláin, Séamus Ó Maoláin, agus Seosamh Ó hAileagáin ag múineadh na Gaeilge, go háirithe ag Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín i mBabylon, Oileán Fada, Stát Nua-Eabhraic.


12 Bealtaine 1993 - 1994 - Déanann Séamus Ó Maoláin iarracht ar an gCumann a atheagrú i Mineola, Oileán Fada, Stát Nua-Eabhraic. Earcaíonn Séamus a chairde ó Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín cabhair a thabhairt dó. Tá Pam Tangredi, Gearóid Ó Ceallaigh, Conor Ó Ceallaigh, Máire Ní Cheallaigh, Caitlín Ní Chuinn Bean Uí Lang, Peadar Chojnowski, agus Aindí Ó Conlain (gach ceann acu ina múinteoirí nó scoláirí ag Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín) i measc na mball nua. Tá Stan Ó Faoláin (múinteoir ag Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín) ina bhall fós ach tá na cruinnithe i Mineola ró-fhada uaidh. (Bhí cónaí ar Stan i mBay Shore, Nua Eabhac.) Is mionlach iad seo i measc daoine eile a bhfuil suim iontach mór acu i rince Éireannach ach nach bhfuil aon suim acu sa teanga.

faoi 1995 - Theip ar iarracht Shéamuis Uí Mhaoláin i Mineola.


1994-2004. Leanann ár mbaill Séamus Ó Maoláin, Stan Ó Faoláin, Seosamh Ó hAileagáin, Gearóid Ó Ceallaigh, agus Aindí Ó Conlain ag múineadh na Gaeilge in áiteanna éagsúla le Scoil Ghaeilge Ghearóid Tóibín ina measc.

7 Deireadh Fómhair 2004 - atheagrú Chumann Carad na Gaeilge. Ainmníonn Gearóid Ó Ceallaigh agus glacann Pam Tangredi na baill nua seo: Réamonn Ó Cléirigh, Pádraig Ó Clúmháin, Séamas Ó Neachtain, Máiréad Tillman, Tomás Muench, Lugh de Paor, Máiréad Perron, agus Brian DeVale, gach ceann acu in ann leibhéal éigin de Ghaeilge a mhúineadh.

Deireadh Fómhair 7 Samhain 2004 - Aontaímid dul ar ais go bun-chuspóirí ár gCumainn mar a mhínigh Mícheál Ó Lócháin iad idir 1872 agus a bhás i 1899. Bhain na cuspóirí sin leis an teanga amháin.

15 Nollaig 2004 - deimhniú agus ath-abairt ár gcuspóirí i gcruth soléir, sainiúil, agus cinnte chun fadhbanna ár staire a sheachaint, mar seo leanas:

"Beidh na cuspóirí seo ag ár gCumann:
1) tacaíocht, neartú, cothú, cleachtadh, craobhscaoileadh, fairsingiú, múineadh agus athbheochan na Gaeilge mar theanga bheo i measc Chlann na nGael agus charad na nGael, i Meiriceá agus ar fud an domhain
2) athbheochan agus aththionscnamh na Gaeilge mar theanga labhartha bheo na hÉireann le Sacsbhéarla mar thionlacan."


7 Nollaig 2006. Téimid ar líne, ag múineadh na Gaeilge timpeall an domhain ag baint áise as r-theachtaireachtaí trí Yahoo Groups ar dtús agus níos déanaí trí Groups.io.


Faoi Fhómhar 2020, téann ár ranganna go léir ar Zoom chun fís-ranganna a sholáthar dár ndaltaí ar fud an domhain.


Do bhliana eile:

1940í
1957
1959-1969
1960í-1970í
2005
2006
2007

2008-2018

2019

2020

2021

2022



History of The Philo-Celtic Society





Introduction: There are organizations and people to be found who are dedicated to other areas of Gaelic culture, such as dance and music. We have great respect for them and we praise their work on behalf of those arts. At other periods of our history, we tried to be active in various other aspects of our culture besides the Irish language, all things for all people, until the Irish language wasn't important at all to most of our membership. In that way, we forgot our purpose. Our organization failed. We were on the brink of going out of existence forever. But Mícheál Ó Lócháin started our activities in Brooklyn in 1872 in order to establish a worldwide renaissance of the Irish language. That understanding was handed down from hand to hand until our own time. And since 2004, we are again working for the renaissance of the Irish language as the sole reason why our organization exists.

There is more to be found about Mícheál Ó Lócháin at Our Founder, and here's a summary of the history of our Society:


1836 - "It's in the townland of Currach Doire, Milltown, Co. Galway that Mícheál Ó Lócháin was born in 1836... His mother was of the family of Oisín (Hession) from Garraí Mór an tSléibhe in Co. Mayo and according to him, she had no English." (translated from Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL by Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Éire, 1990, pages 11-13)


1836-1854 - "Ó Lócháin was born in 1836, and he attended school in the district until 1854." Also: "...it's a chance that Ó Lócháin went to one of Mac Héil's independent schools, given how the learning of Teagasc Críostaí (which was written by McHale) was conducted during his time at school..."It is the first Irish book we ever read..." (translated from Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL by Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Éire, 1990, pages 11-13).


1870 - It's said that Ó Lócháin got his first job in America in this year, as a school teacher. (translated from Mícheál Ó Lócháin agus AN GAODHAL by Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teo., Dublin, 1990, page 14).


Spring 1872 - The Irish World (one of the Irish-American newspapers in New York) published letters written by Mícheál Ó Lócháin under the pen name 'Gael' referencing "...the neglect to cultivate the National tongue ... suggesting the necessity of preserving the Irish language in order to preserve Irish nationality..." He recommended establishing classes and Irish language organizations to solve this problem. ("'An Gaodhal' i Meiriceá" by Breandán Ó Buachalla in the book Go Meiriceá Siar, edited by Stíofán Ó hAnnracháin. Dublin, An Clóchomhar Teo., p. 38)


Fall 1872 - Mícheál Ó Lócháin starts the first "Philo-Celtic class" (an Irish language instruction class) for adults at Our Lady Of Victory School, 583 Throop Avenue, Brooklyn, where he is principal. (Source: Go Meiriceá Siar, edited by Stíofán Ó hAnnrachán, An Clóchomhar Teoranta, 1979, p. 38) For Irish in America in this period, 'Philo-Celtic' means "love of the Irish language." This is before the Society exists in a formal manner.


1873 - But this encourages the formal organization of the first Philo-Celtic Society - The Boston Philo-Celtic Society.


1874 - Mícheál Ó Lócháin and his friends formally organize the second Philo-Celtic Society - The Brooklyn Philo-Celtic Society.


1878 - A good number of the Brooklyn members live in Manhattan. They formally organize the third Philo-Celtic Society - The New York Philo-Celtic Society. At this time, Brooklyn is not in the City Of New York. We descend directly from The New York Philo-Celtic Society and The New York Philo-Celtic Society comes directly out of The Brooklyn Philo-Celtic Society. (Source: Mícheál Ó Lócháin Agus An Gaodhal le Fionnuala Uí Fhlannagáin, An Clóchomhar Teoranta, 1990, p. 65)


1873-1881 - Many people join the Philo-Celtic societies who don't have interest in the language. Ó Lócháin thought that his objective was clear in the names of the Society (i.e., Cumann Carad na Gaeilge and "Philo-Celtic" or 'love of the Irish language'), but he was wrong.


1881 - Ó Lócháin initiates "An Gaodhal" (the Society's bi-lingual monthly magazine) to advance the renaissance of the Irish language and to clarify that he founded "Philo-Celtic" for the renaissance of the Irish language. But the horse was already out of the barn.


1878 - 1899 - expansion and growth of Philo-Celtic Societies throughout America. Another name for our classes is "The Gaelic League". As we see in "An Gaodhal", Ó Lócháin continues to have problems with people, branches, and "Philo-Celtic" societies who give most of their interest to social and cultural activities that don't relate to the language.


1891 - Douglas Hyde's visit to New York Philo-Celtic Society and to our classes


1893 - Douglas Hyde founds The Gaelic League in Ireland using our Society and our classes as a model



1899 - death of Ó Lócháin, January 10, 1899. He was buried in Holy Cross Cemetery, Brooklyn.


1904 - end of the first "An Gaodhal"


1904-1945 - decline and end of the Philo-Celtic Societies except in New York


sometime before 1945 - merger of Brooklyn & Manhattan in New York Philo-Celtic Society (Did Brooklyn go out of business and did its members go to New York?)


1940s-1950s - Our friends Jim Mullan, Joe Halligan, and Stan Whelan (each eventually a member of The Gerry Tobin Irish Language School) are active in the New York Philo-Celtic. Irish is still being taught but other activities expend time and resources of the Society.



1960s - 1970s - decline. Most of the interest of our members is in other cultural aspects of Ireland, not in the language. Dues are unpaid to Council Of Gaelic Societies (or Conradh na Gaeilge?) since 1976 (my notes from 9/22/93). But certain members (Stan Whelan, Joe Halligan, and Jim Mullan, for example) continue to teach Irish in various places.



1982-1984 - "The Gael" (quarterly magazine usually using English) at The Irish Arts Center in Manhattan



1988-1993. Our members Stan Whelan, Jim Mullan, and Joe Halligan continue teaching Irish, especially at The Gerry Tobin Irish Language School in Babylon, Long Island, New York State.



May 12, 1993 - 1994 - Séamus Ó Maoláin attempts to re-organize the Society. Séamus recruits his friends from the Gerry Tobin Irish Language School to help him. Joe Halligan, Pam Tangredi, Jerry Kelly, Conor Kelly, Maura Kelly, Caitlin Quinn-Lang, Peadar Chojnowski, and Andy Conlon (each one of them teachers or students at the Gerry Tobin Irish Language School) are among the new members. Stan Whelan (teacher at The Gerry Tobin School) is still a member but the meetings in Mineola are too far away. (Stan lived in Bay Shore, New York.) These Irish speakers are a minority amongst others who have great interest in Irish dancing but no interest in the language.




by 1995 - Jim Mullan's attempt in Mineola fails.



1994-2004. Our members Jim Mullan, Stan Whelan, Joe Halligan, Jerry Kelly, and Andy Conlon continue teaching Irish in various places including The Gerry Tobin Irish Language School.



October 7, 2004 - reorganization of The Philo-Celtic Society. Gearóid Ó Ceallaigh nominates and Pam Tangredi accepts these new members: Réamonn Ó Cléirigh, Pádraig Ó Clúmháin, Séamas Ó Neachtain, Máiréad Tillman, Tomás Muench, Lugh de Paor, Máiréad Perron, and Brian DeVale, each capable of teaching some level of Irish.



October & November, 2004 - We agree to go back to the original goals of our Society as Mícheál Ó Lócháin explained them between 1872 and his death in 1899. Those goals dealt solely with the language.


December 15, 2004 - confirmation and re-statement of our goals in clear, specific, and certain form to avoid the mistakes of our past, as follows:


"Our Society shall have these goals:

1) the support, strengthening, promotion, practice, broadcast, expansion, teaching, and renaissance of the Irish language as a living language amongst the Children of the Gaeil and friends of the Gaeil, in America and throughout the world

2) the renaissance and re-establishment of the Irish language as the living spoken language of Ireland with English as an accompaniment."


December 7, 2006. We go on-line, teaching the Irish Language around the world using emails through Yahoo Groups at first and later through Groups.io.



By Fall 2020, all our classes go on Zoom to provide video classes to our students throughout the world.



For other years:


1940s

1957

1959-1969

1960s-1970s

2005

2006

2007

2008-2018

2019

2020

2021

2022



FEATURED PROJECTS



Ranganna Saora / Free Classes





Ár n-iris AN GAEL / Our magazine AN GAEL





Foghraíocht / Phonetics





Cumann Carad na Gaeilge / The Philo-Celtic Society
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